Death Penalty for Juveniles

In 2005, he U.S. Supreme Court voted 5-4 to outlaw the death penalty for juveniles who were under the age of 18 at the time of the crimes, calling the execution of children unconstitutionally cruel. Pros Those who favor keeping the death penalty for juveniles make the following arguments: State legislatures should determine whether or not juveniles should be executed for capital crimes, not the courts.Juries should determine the culpability of juveniles on a case-by-case basis, on the nature of the crime and the maturity level of the individual juvenile.In a society, which is experiencing an increase in violence by juveniles, banning the death penalty would remove a much-needed deterrent.What other countries do concerning executing juveniles should not be relevant to the courts consideration of what the United States Constitution demands. Cons Those who oppose the  death penalty for juveniles  make these  arguments:​ Executing children is immoral and uncivilized.Scientific research shows that juveniles are underdeveloped and immature, particularly in the areas of the brain that dictate reason, impulse  control, and decision-making, and therefore should not be held culpable.A high percentage of juveniles on death row have suffered from mental abuse, physical abuse,  sexual abuse, drug addiction, abandonment and severe poverty.The execution of juveniles is expressly forbidden in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights,  the Geneva Convention  Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.With the exception of Somalia, the United States is the only country in the world that still executes juveniles.

In Ralph Ellison’S Novel Invisible Man, Man Is Often Equated

In Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man, man is often equated to a vital part of what constitutes a greater â€Å"machine.† The character of Invisible not only encounters figures who liken their efforts and sense of entrapment to working at the heart of a much larger apparatus, but he eventually finds that his own actions within organizations such as the Brotherhood also contribute to the whole of the machine’s operation. In such instances where the black man’s body becomes a functioning part that remains both confined and fixed in place, we witness how the machine becomes an interconnected symbol for the unwavering power of technology over man. The machine also tends to represent how societal divisions can generate a growing disinterest in†¦show more content†¦Broadnax in the dream and Mr. Norton in reality are behaving with the same intentions, especially since Mr. Norton persuades Jim to tell the story and even ends up paying him. In a way, Jim is being encouraged to participate in the stereotype of the uncontrollable black man whose sexual desires must be tamed. The mechanical clock in the dream is what keeps Jim confined to a negative stereotype, a stereotype which allows whites to maintain their systemic notion that black men are inherently dangerous creatures who must be kept on the outskirts of society. Thus, Mr. Norton’s payment is only working to sustain Jim as a part of the white man’s exploitative system. Jim’s attempt to run toward and away from the clock, or what we can establish as the working system, harks back to an earlier dream sequence in the novel where the narrator opens a series of envelopes, the last one containing a document reading, â€Å"Keep This Nigger-Boy Running.† (33). When thought of in the same context as the machine, the narrator is now understood as yet another black man whom the system can keep running in his place. Unfortunately, his failure to recognize white power’s perpetuation of the stereotypical black man through a machine is

Tourism Transport and Development for Destination- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTourism Transport and Development for Destination Success. Answer: Transportation link to Tourism and Destination success Transportation is regarded as an important part of the Tourism industry. Transportation connects the tourists with the other tourist destinations. In many parts of the world, the tourism is not up to the mark when compared to the countrys natural heritage(Murphy, 2013). One of the main reasons behind this decline is that the poor growth of the development of tourism. Transportation, which is needed for the promotion of tourism and development is the maintenance of the roads, construction of more air transportations, rail tracks and roads. The proper construction of local airports and operations of local flight are also needed to be done properly. Tourism sector can grow bigger, if more betterment could be done to the transportation system (Murphy, 2013). In the sphere of economic system, tourism sector is considered important. In this respect, it is impossible to think the development of tourism without the proper transportation sectors. Whether role played by transportation is enriching the sector of tourism ultimately depends upon the efficiency of transportation (Cooper, 2013). Transportation can transform into an important attraction for tourists such as cruising, low cost flights, trips on boats and so forth. These are the major examples for the attractions of tourists for the several destinations, which gives tourists the comfort, security, benefits and competition (Hall Page, 2012). The important forms of transportation in Singapore are Air transportation, which is an important form of transportation and it is increasing every day. Sea transportation is another means of transportation in Singapore, which provides tourists with the travel opportunities. These are the important means of transportation for tourism in Singapore (Duval, 2013). The Singapores services of bus and the availability of MRT and LRT trains are available for the particular duration The primary aspect for the tourist destination is the environment, cleanliness, unique appearances and beauty which are the main components of the places environment and each of them is important for creating the perfect appearances. In Singapore, in order to make a successful destination, the transportation plays a vital role, which carries tourists to their wishful destinations. It is being an important form of tourism by providing connections both internationally and domestically (Duval, 2013). The location, efficiency and connectivity of transport plays an important role while providing connection to the destination, which develops. At the same time, the increasing number of travelers creates a number of challenges in the context of infrastructure of transports and inters operability of the technologies with the providers of tourism services. As the nature of tourism developing gradually, it is leaving an impact on the types of destinations and the activities are linked to more t ravels. The system of transportation and services are the heart for the attraction of tourists. The companies such as travel management especially in the sector of travel are trying to put forward the smart travels in order to patch up with the sustainability and the satisfaction of customers. This concept incorporates the promotion solutions through video conferencing or decreasing the levels of the stress of traveling. Reducing Impact of tourism transport on environment In Singapore, the transport by the means of air, road is on rise in response to the increasing number that reported that the worldwide passengers rose to more than 88 million. On this increasing of tourism is also leaving a deep impact on the air transport and water transport. The tourism is accounted for 60% of the population of air travel, which is responsible for the share of the emissions in air (Buckley, 2012). Mainly the air pollution from the transportation of tourists are leaving an impact on the global sites, leading to the increase of global warming. Noise pollution from the different transport system such as vehicles, jet skies are the problems for the modern life as well. This in turn leads to the stress out of annoyance and the loss of hearing of the humans (Newsome, Moore Dowling, 2012). Therefore, by keeping these important issues in mind, it is important to take into account the important aspects, which are needed to reduce the pollution in the air as well as the who le in context of the impact of terrorism on the environment. The bus operators are needed to be encouraged in order to reduce the impact of the operations of bus on the quality of air, particularly inspiring the drivers to introduce a type of vehicles having the standard emissions. Measures are needed to be taken to encourage the service operators based on subsidized operators of service where the drivers are required to switch off their engines whenever they are stopped for at least 1 minute. These policies are proved to be effective in Singapore in terms of minimizing the emissions from the subsidized services (Newsome, Moore Dowling, 2012). Noise, is another form of causing trouble in the transportation system and it depends upon the using heavier vehicles for the purpose of tourism. Singapore transport provides a double glazing which can provide an alternative ventilation. In some cases, the amount of noise can be diminished by changing the characteristics of the flight and road surfaces, by removing the defects of the road surfaces. A great deal of potentiality while creating a greater quality of environments of streets which is providing the car parking. Another important step that can be taken is the Environmental auditing and transportation of tourism. It is where the environment auditing is a voluntary exercise where the operators of the tourist transport contract the services of tourism that undertakes to assess that the ways their activities affect the environment and the ways, they can reduce the impact by creating modifications to the existing practices to the business (Glasson, Therivel Chadwick, 2013). It has a stage of consideration, formulation, implementation and decision. In the consideration stage, the legislation and the capacity of the issues regarding environment are considered. In the stage of formulation, the policy of environment is developed. In the stage of implementation, both proposed activities are needed to be taken into consideration. In the decision making stage, the operations of transport are either being modified or left unchanged in pursuit of the environmental policy. Tourism Transport challenges in Singapore In the year 1965, Singapore is facing the transition towards urbanization, initially Singapore faced in terms of driving skills, infrastructure which is vital for the growth of economy (Larsen Guiver, 2013). The growth of economy gives birth to the opportunities giving access to increase the load of infrastructure, which is demanding an effective mode of transportation. If this issue is not addressed, this would further lead to the decline of economic growth. Singapore is still going through the phases of urbanization. The future of the tourism transport is gradually becoming critical. With the rise of population and the development of tourism, there would be an increase in the transport system in proportionate ways. This would give birth to the pressure on the transportation and the demand of the population. The increasing rate of transportation would include various problems such as transportation of public and development of the proper roadways for the tourism transportation. However, with the increase in population and the growth of tourism in Singapore, the various problems are being faced by the developing cities (Meng Pham, 2013). The first approach is to solve the problems of traffic with the size of roads and the inculcation of the number of lanes. However, with the growth of tourism, the increasing number of lanes cannot be accommodates with the volumes of project of traffic. The availability of the geographical locations is one of the biggest challenges. The low cost airlines are also c hanging its target market for the higher income tourists, which is as well affecting the tourism industry, specially the people who cannot afford much. At the same time, the continuous rise of fuel also would impact on the demand for the tourism sector in Singapore (Meng Pham, 2013). In order to address these issues, Singapore needs to think of arranging some local summits between the eminent hotels, restaurants, the components of tourism such as cities. Singapore is looking forward to meet these challenges arising in the transportation system. Singapore is managing the pollution made by the cars and the demands for the usages of roads in terms of visiting local sites in Singapore is being done through the implementation of the various types of schemes such as Electronic pricing of road, Quota system of vehicle and the certificate of entitlement. Since the proper implementation of Vehicle Quota System (VQS), the growth of the population caused by the road vehicles was reduced to 3% since the year 2009 (Teo Chang, 2012). Singapore in the year 2013, has introduced transport system on water which is limited to the along the river of Singapore known as River taxi. The river Taxi do not causes pollution much and it is quite healthier for the environment. To meet the demand of the growth of tourism in Singapore, the Tourist pass of Singapore offers an unlimited passes to tourist on the public transport to Singapore. Singapore is also thinking about increasing the low cost airlines, which would meet the demands of the tourist and can fly to Singapore at a cheaper rate (Teo Chang, 2012).b References Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality.Annals of Tourism Research,39(2), 528-546. Cooper, C. (2013).Essentials of tourism. Pearson Higher Ed. Duval, D. T. (2013). Critical issues in air transport and tourism.Tourism Geographies,15(3), 494-510. Glasson, J., Therivel, R., Chadwick, A. (2013).Introduction to environmental impact assessment. Routledge. Hall, C. M., Page, S. (2012).Tourism in south and southeast Asia. Routledge. Larsen, G. R., Guiver, J. W. (2013). Understanding tourists perceptions of distance: a key to reducing the environmental impacts of tourism mobility.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,21(7), 968-981. Meng, X., Siriwardana, M., Pham, T. (2013). A CGE assessment of Singapore's tourism policies.Tourism Management,34, 25-36. Murphy, P. E. (2013).Tourism: A community approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge. Newsome, D., Moore, S. A., Dowling, R. K. (2012).Natural area tourism: Ecology, impacts and management (Vol. 58). Channel view publications. Teo, P., Chang, T. C. (2012). Singapore: tourism development in.Tourism in south and southeast Asia, 117.

Symmetric Asymmetric algorithms

Introduction Algorithm is a field of study mainly found in either mathematics or computer science disciplines. In fact, it is an efficient technique, which takes the form of a finite list comprising of distinct instructions for conniving a function. In most cases, experts use algorithms to perform a number of roles such as data processing, automated reasoning and even calculating functions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symmetric Asymmetric algorithms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, algorithm is a bit by bit process, which enables qw986c to perform calculations. This brings us to the concept of encryption, which is mainly a method of converting data into a form (ciphertext) through complex mathematical processes. Consequently, encryption results into a definite set of data mainly composed of bits or binary numbers. This means that the key with maximum number of bits will have plethora binary n umber combinations, which decreases the chances of breaking the code. There are two notable types of encryption algorithm: symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption (Encryption, 2011, p.1). Symmetric algorithm Of the two, symmetric encryption appears to be the ancient and widely used by many people. It normally involves the use of a secret key unlike asymmetric encryption, which uses a public key. The secret key can take a number of forms, for example, it can be just a letter, a number, or just a word like â€Å"word† itself. In other instances, the programmer can choose a set of random numbers to be the secret key. Overall, the main role of a secret key is to change a particular text message into another form by altering the content. Normally, this technique is not complex as compared to asymmetric algorithm. For instance, in realigning a text, one can decide to shift every single letter by assigning it new places within the alphabet. It is important to note that since the key is secret, both the sender and the receiver of the text should be conversant with the key. This means that both the sender and receiver can either encrypt or decrypt any message or information that utilizes the secret key. In other words, the key that encrypts the message is the same again that decrypts the same message (Cobbs, 2011, p.1). Strengths of symmetric algorithm Symmetric algorithm is fast compared to asymmetric algorithm. Of course, the main advantage with symmetric algorithm is that it does not devour too much computing power hence, making it the most preferred. Some common examples include BLOWFISH, Triple-DES and IDEA among others.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vulnerabilities of symmetric algorithm Although being the preferred algorithm, symmetric algorithm has its own disadvantages. For instance, it is quite easier to break symmetric encryption using e ither brute force or cryptanalysis. In brute force attack, the attacker employs several possibilities to decode the ciphertext into a plaintext. It is imperative to not that brute force attack can decipher any software. Therefore, it is important to have the highest number of keys to limit the chances of cracking the software using this method. On the other hand, cryptanalysis is a form of attack where the attacker targets the characters of the algorithm to construe an explicit plaintext or key in use. Another vulnerability of symmetric algorithms is that is comprises of some weak passwords meant to enable the recipient to read the information. Once a third party other than the recipient and sender knows the password, the algorithm becomes useless. Thus, the sender and receiver ought to keep top secrecy of the secret key to prevent outsiders from encrypting or decrypting data. Additionally, if one forgets the password, then it is impossible to decrypt the encrypted data. Otherwise, strong passwords always protect software form attack and it is advisable to store a backup copy or change the secret key regularly (Kurt, 2000, p.1). Asymmetric algorithm Also known as, public key algorithm, asymmetric algorithm is a method of encryption algorithm that employs a different key of encryption from that of decryption. The two keys are unique in that one cannot derive decryption key from the encryption key. While the encryption key is public, the decryption key is private and only the receiver of the message is able to decrypt it. In other words, the public that has the same software can send messages using the public key but only those with the private key can read the message (Christof Jan, 2009, pp.3-7). Strengths of asymmetric algorithm Widely used in the electronic commerce industry (e.g. RSA asymmetric algorithm for SSL), asymmetric algorithm provides sufficient security as there is neither the sharing of the secret key nor the use of advanced executions.Advertisi ng We will write a custom essay sample on Symmetric Asymmetric algorithms specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, there is minimal risk of third parties knowing the secret key and decrypting data. Additionally, the interdependency of the two key, that is, one for encrypting the message and the other for decrypting the same message is paramount in creating additional features such as digital signatures which not only guarantees the security of the message, but also, the authenticity or remote systems. However, as compared to symmetric algorithm, asymmetric algorithm is slower since, data encryption normally involves the process of symmetric algorithm, and then using RSA, the short symmetric key is encrypted, thus, allowing the sending of decryption key to other parties together with the symmetrically encrypted data securely (Jevons, 1985, pp. 141-148). Asymmetric algorithm vulnerabilities Although this method is resistant to brute force attack, it is not lost that it enjoys security. For instance, the man-in-the-middle attack can tamper with the security of this type of algorithm by intercepting and altering the public keys when communication is in progress. Nevertheless, as compared to symmetric algorithm, asymmetric algorithm is more resistant to security breach, and in addition, it warrants integrity and authentication (Public key cryptography, 2011, p.1). Reference List Christof, P. Jan P. (2009). Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography. New York: Springer. Cobbs, M. (2011). What are the differences between symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms? Web. Encryption. (2011). Web.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jevons, W. (1985). The Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific  Method. New York: Dover Publications. Kurt, G. (2000). Symmetric vs. asymmetric algorithms. Web. Public key cryptography. (2011). Web. This essay on Symmetric Asymmetric algorithms was written and submitted by user Julianne Kirk to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.